5:03 PM , 28

Trang nhất » Khoa Học Chuyên Ngành » 2013 » Tháng một » 28

Temperature affects plant growth

6:19 AM, 2013-01-28
Temperature affects the productivity and growth of a plant depending upon whether the plant variety is a warm-season or cool-season crop. If temperatures are high and day length is long, cool-season crops such as broccoli and spinach will bolt rather than produce the desired flower. Temperatures that are too low or high for a warm-season crop will prevent fruit set. Temperatures that are too high for warm-season crops such as pepper or tomato can cause pollen to become inviable and not pollinate flowers. Adverse temperatures also cause stunted growth and poor quality. For example, the bitterness in lettuce is caused by high temperatures

Sometimes temperatures are used in connection with day length to manipulate the flowering of plants. Chrysanthemums will flower for a longer period of time if daylight temperatures are 59°F (15°C). The Christmas cactus forms flowers as a result of short days and low temperatures. Temperatures alone also influence flowering. Daffodils are forced to flower by putting the bulbs in cold storage in October at 35° to 40°F (2° to 4°C). The cold temperatures allow the bulb to mature. The bulbs are transferred to the greenhouse in midwinter where growth begins. The flowers are then ready for cutting in 3 to 4 weeks

Thermoperiod refers to daily temperature change. Plants produce maximum growth when exposed to a day temperature that is about 10 to 15° F. (5.5 to 8°C) higher than the night temperature. This allows the plant to photosynthesize and respire during an optimum daytime temperature and to curtail the rate of respiration during a cooler night.

High temperatures cause increased respiration sometimes above the rate of photosynthesis. This means that the products of photosynthesis are being used more rapidly than they are being produced. For growth to occur photosynthesis must be greater than respiration.

Low temperatures can result in poor growth. Photosynthesis slows at low temperatures. Since photosynthesis is slowed, growth is slowed and this results in lower yields. Not all plants grow best in the same temperature range. For example, snapdragons grow best when nighttime temperatures are 55°F (12°C); the poinsettia prefers 62°F (17°C). Florist cyclamen does well under very cool conditions while many bedding plants prefer a higher temperature. Recently it has been found that roses can tolerate much lower nighttime temperatures than was previously believed. This has meant a conservation in energy for greenhouse growers. However, in some cases a certain number of days of low temperatures are needed by plants to grow properly. This is true of crops growing in cold regions of the country. Peaches are a prime example; most varieties require 700 to 1,000 hours below 45°F (7°C) and above 32°F (0°C) before they break their rest period and begin flowering and growth. If this cold requirement is not met then small, misshapen leaves and fruit will result. Many times fruit will not set. In low desert areas where these temperatures are not experienced low chill peach trees should be planted. Lilies need 6 weeks at 33°F (1°C or below) before they will bloom.

Plants can be classified as either hardy or non-hardy depending upon their ability to withstand cold temperatures. Winter injury can occur to non-hardy plants if temperatures are too low or if unseasonably low temperatures occur late in the spring or early in the fall. Winter injury may also occur because of desiccation (drying out).

Plant roots need moist soil during the winter. When the soil is frozen the movement of water into the plant is severely restricted. On a windy winter day broad-leaved evergreens can become water-deficient in a few minutes, turning the leaves or needles brown. Wide variations in winter temperatures can cause premature bud break in some plants and consequent freezing damage. Late spring frost damage can ruin entire crops. If temperatures drop too low during the winter, entire trees of some species are killed by the freezing of plant cells and tissue.

Tổng số điểm của bài viết là: 0.0

Bài cũ hơn

 Thăm dò ý kiến

Nội dung trang web có giúp bạn ?
Tổng câu trả lời: 12738

  Đăng nhập

  Lịch

«  Tháng một 2013  »
Cn234567
  12345
6789101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
2728293031

  Liên kết

  • Cây giống
  •  Thống kê


    Đang Online 1
    Khách 1
    Người sử dụng 0